According to the statistics of the national list of colleges and universities released by the Ministry of Education, as of June 20, 2024, China has 51 vocational colleges and universities, laying a solid foundation for the construction of a modern vocational education system and the steady development of multiple levels and forms of vocational education。The strategic plan of "different types and equal importance" for vocational education and general higher education is being implemented。With the increase in the number of vocational colleges，The educational structure of our country is undergoing profound changes，Effective and smooth overpass of vocational education，Contribute to national development planning and major strategies，Cultivate high-level, application-oriented and technical talents，Forge more "great artisans";China's social and economic development has been transformed from capital logic to talent logic，The demand for the quality and ability of technical talents cultivated by vocational education is constantly "upgrading".，More and more vocational colleges and universities will achieve structural matching, positive interaction and dynamic balance in the reform of vocational education supply side and industrial demand side。
Always adhere to the characteristics and mission of vocational education
The Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China clearly states that "vocational education refers to the training of high-quality technical skills.，Education that enables educatees to acquire professional ethics, scientific culture, professional knowledge, technical skills and other comprehensive professional qualities and operational abilities necessary for engaging in a certain occupation or achieving professional development"，Vocational education is a type of education with the same important status as general education，It is an important part of the national education system and human resources development，It is an important way to cultivate diversified talents, inherit technical skills, and promote employment and entrepreneurship."。Vocational colleges and universities should adhere to the characteristics of vocational education types, speed up the development of high-quality vocational undergraduate education, and do special, stronger, practical and deep vocational undergraduate education。
First, we will further promote the integration of industry and education and the integration of science and education。Vocational undergraduate education emphasizes engineering and innovation, and can solve complex engineering problems of enterprises，Vocational colleges and universities should comprehensively strengthen the integration of industry and education and the integration of science and education，Schools and enterprises jointly build practice-oriented curriculum system，Develop production-teaching integrated curriculum and teaching materials，Promote the integration of science and practice, the integration of work and learning, and the mutual promotion of education and training，And carry out project engineering practice teaching。
Second, we will better serve the development of high-end industries。Vocational undergraduate education adheres to the requirements of the industry to set up majors，Connect the professional chain to the industrial chain，At the same time, we pay attention to the cultivation of sustainable development ability of vocational undergraduate students, such as profound theoretical foundation, complete knowledge system, composite professional skills and technical skills accumulation，It can meet the needs of industrial transformation and upgrading，Better meet the needs of high-end industries and high-end industries。
Third, we should expand the channels for students to grow and become talents。The expansion of vocational colleges and universities has promoted the diversity of undergraduate education, which will enrich the paths for young people to grow up and become talented, and provide more important weights for running a satisfactory education for the people。More aspiring young people have more choices, especially for those who have a strong interest in practical skills, and they can gain better career development opportunities through vocational undergraduate education。
Fourth, we will further promote employment and entrepreneurship。Students trained by vocational undergraduate education，On the whole, it has the characteristics of "high quality, fine technology, strong skills, fast hand and strong momentum"，It has the potential to become a "skilled craftsman" and a "great power craftsman"，Can better adapt to the professional field of job requirements and development migration，Have a stronger employment competitiveness and entrepreneurial ability。
Continuously improve the ability and level of personnel training
The core of developing new quality productive forces and promoting high-quality economic and social development lies in human resources。
First, we should build a new system of vocational undergraduate personnel training standards to cultivate high-level technical talents with comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, the United States and labor, systematic mastery of basic professional theories and basic knowledge, high technical skills and skilled application, and strong innovative spirit and practical ability。Talent training standards reflect new concepts, new formats, new technologies, and serve the development needs of new quality productivity。The talent training standards run through the whole process of majors, courses, practical training and research, on-the-job practice, quality evaluation, etc., and constantly enhance the adaptability and leading power of vocational undergraduate education。
Second, we should strengthen close cooperation with industry enterprises，Jointly set up a major，To build a professional training and research base，Jointly develop professional personnel training programs guided by industry and enterprise technical standards，Improve the professional dynamic adjustment mechanism，We will promote the deep integration of professional adjustment with the new economy, new industries, new forms of business and new technologies，Ensure that the professional setup is closely aligned with market demand and economic development，The subject of professional practice and graduation design must come from the production line of industry enterprises。Improve the curriculum system, the "craftsman spirit" through the classroom teaching, skills training, student association practice and other activities, training with "originality" high-quality vocational undergraduate talents。
Third, we must strengthen the training and construction of teaching staff，To build a high-level "double teacher" team with "high theoretical literacy, strong professional ability, excellent scientific research, and wide service application"，In particular, highly educated teachers should make up for their shortcomings in professional ability as soon as possible, and "skilled craftsmen" should improve their professional theoretical knowledge and teaching methods，Vigorously create an atmosphere for teachers' professional development and independent development，Guide teachers to enhance development initiative and creativity，Improve teachers' ability to combine professional skills education with students' innovative thinking training, innovation ability enhancement and innovation activities。
Fourthly, we should establish and improve the education and teaching evaluation system which is compatible with the orientation of vocational undergraduate education，According to the Ministry of Education for vocational undergraduate level education and teaching evaluation requirements of indicators，And the characteristics of vocational undergraduate education，Improve mechanisms and systems，Improve the evaluation index system，Formulate a scientific evaluation system，To achieve the requirements of accurate and objective evaluation of school education and teaching level。
We will continue to enhance our capacity for scientific research and social services
Vocational education is most closely related to economic and social development, and serving high-quality development is its most basic historical mission。Developing technical services and social training around the needs of industry enterprises is an important content of improving the quality of vocational undergraduate education。
First, we must effectively serve the national strategy。It is necessary to enhance sensitivity, take the initiative to serve the national strategy and the "stuck neck" problems of enterprises, focus on the application of industrial key technologies, enterprise technological innovation and product upgrading, and deeply promote school-enterprise collaborative technology integration and application innovation, joint research and achievement transformation, and strive to improve site scientific research capabilities。Carry out organized scientific research, carry out scientific research around the needs of industrial development, promote teachers to lead the project of enterprises, enterprises to bring projects into the school, and unite industry and enterprise technicians, front-line engineers and skilled craftsmen to form a high-level scientific and technological innovation team。Deepen the accumulation of technical skills, effectively solve the technical problems in the production and operation of industries and enterprises, improve the ability to transform scientific and technological achievements, and promote the technological upgrading of enterprises。
Second, we should continuously improve the effectiveness of technical skills training。To further promote school-enterprise collaborative services, it is necessary to take technology as a link, projects as a carrier, and mechanisms as a guarantee, and actively build technical skills training platforms, such as industry-education integration training centers and industrial technology transformation research institutes。We will further promote the integration of technological innovation and training, and win-win social services, closely align regional industrial development strategies and key projects, and effectively improve our technical skills training capabilities。
Third, we must accelerate the development of vocational education。Serve the "Belt and Road" initiative, join hands with Chinese enterprises to "go out", take the economic development and industrial structure needs of the "Belt and Road" related countries as the starting point, carry out various forms of vocational education "precision" service "go out" projects abroad, and promote the localization of technical skills talents。To hold high-level vocational education, we should enhance ourselves in carrying out international cooperation and exchanges, serve Chinese enterprises, and participate in international competition。
(The author is He Xingyue, President of Zhejiang Mechanical and Electrical Vocational Technical University, and Gao Yongxiang, Director of Teaching Supervision Department of Zhejiang Mechanical and Electrical Vocational Technical University)
(From Modern Higher Vocational and Technical Education Network, information source: China Education Daily, July 9, 2024)
